Natural Binary Codes and Gray Codes
In a given communication system, we always want to send data that represent real world data representing some physical quantity (be it speech, temperature, etc..,) .The real world physical quantity...
View ArticleConstructing a rectangular constellation for 16-QAM
Any rectangular QAM constellation is equivalent to superimposing two ASK signals on quadrature carriers (I and Q components). For 4-QAM modulation, each symbol is of size k = log2(M) = log2(4) = 2...
View ArticleSimulation of Symbol Error Rate Vs SNR performance curve for 16-QAM in AWGN
M-QAM Modulation: In M-ASK modulation the information symbols (each k=log2(M) bit wide) are encoded into the amplitude of the sinusoidal carrier. In M-PSK modulation the information is encoded into the...
View ArticleSimulation of Symbol Error Rate Vs SNR performance curve for 64-QAM in AWGN
M-QAM Modulation: In M-ASK modulation the information symbols (each k=log2(M) bit wide) are encoded into the amplitude of the sinusoidal carrier. In M-PSK modulation the information is encoded into the...
View ArticleConstructing a rectangular constellation for M-QAM using Karnaugh Map walks
Any rectangular QAM constellation is equivalent to superimposing two Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) signals (also called Pulse Amplitude Modulation – PAM) on quadrature carriers (I and Q components). For...
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